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Thursday, September 07, 2006

At 3 months: they grasp whole maternal sentences, but can't speak.

Photo: Der Spiegel Courtesy. Upper TMIf : changing (red,yellow,green), brain stimulated colored areas, in children of 3 months old. Bottom:Control,TMIf in adults.



The french pediatrician, Ghislaine-Dehaene-Lambertz (GDL), of Institute National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), in Orsay/ Francia, has developed throughout her entire life, a series of investigations related to the emergency and development of children's language. In a recent work to be published online in PNAS, Dra. GDL, with the help of other investigators, stimulated a series of infants of 3 months of age, with short sentences taken of a French book for children. While she stimulated them with maternal (dad, mommy and related) sentences and other complex ones, she went subjecting the infants simultaneously, to exams of Magnetic Functional Resonance (MRIf), observing marked changes of blood flow in the cerebral bark associated to the Area of Broca (related with the speech), concluding that around 3 months, the children activate these areas, when they listen whole sentences, although they don't understand them neither be in capacity of responding them.

The understanding and answer of the sentences is a complex process that goes being executed step-by-step, happening that the spoken first answers - with sense - of the boy, emerge structured in coherent form, newly starting from the first year of life. In other words the human brain seems to be genetically conditioned to capture and store (repeated 2 times, at least) sentences, of the environment and/or spoken for family or strange in their maternal own language, the same ones that the child perceives and captures globally before to understand the sense of the sentence and to be able to speak intelligibly. Dra. GDL, suggests that maternal and related sentences, are those but appropriate to begin a boy, in the learning of his maternal language.
A los 3 meses de edad, captan lenguaje materno, aunque no hablen.

La pediatra francesa Ghislaine-Dehaene-Lambertz (GDL), del Institute National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), in Orsay/ Francia, ha desarrollado a lo largo de su vida, una serie de investigaciones relacionadas con la emergencia y desarrollo del lenguaje en niños menores de 3 meses de edad. En un reciente trabajo a ser publicado via online, en el PNAS, la Dra. GDL, con la ayuda de otros investigadores, estimuló a una serie de infantes, con oraciones cortas tomadas de un libro francés para niños. Mientras los estimulaba con oraciones maternales (papa, mama y relacionadas) y otras complejas, iba sometiendo simultaneamente a los infantes, a examenes de Resonancia Magnética Funcional (fMRI), observando marcados cambios del flujo sanguineo en la corteza cerebral asociada al Area de Broca (relacionada con el habla), concluyendo que desde los 3 meses, los niños activan estas areas, cuando escuchan oraciones completas, aunque no las comprendan ni esten en capacidad de responderlas.

La comprensión y respuesta de las oraciones es un proceso complejo, que vá ejecutandose paso a paso, ocurriendo que las primeras respuestas habladas -con sentido- del niño, emergen estructuradas en forma coherente, recien a partir del primer año de vida. En otras palabras el cerebro humano parece estar condicionado genéticamente para servir de receptáculo a oraciones captadas (repetidas 2 veces, por lo menos), del medio ambiente y/o habladas por familiares o extraños en su propia lengua materna, las mismas que percibe y capta globalmente antes de comprender el sentido de las mismas y poder hablar inteligiblemente. La Dra. GDL, sugiere que las oraciones maternales y relacionadas, son las más adecuadas para iniciar a un niño, en el aprendizaje de su lengua materna.

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