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Sunday, May 22, 2011

PARAPLEGICS ON THE LEGS



Bob Summers (28), a baseball player with vertebral subluxation: C7-T1 (loss of motor function with partial preservation of sensation below T1 segment), due to a car accident in 2006 is making history. Thanks to an electrical 16-electrodes device implanted in the duramater of his lumbosacral spinal cord (segments S1-L1), the patient makes movements that allows him to to stand and step in an assisted manner within a treadmill in which his legs are handled in such way that it stimulates neural circuits of neural spine. Neurologists hypothesized that stimulation of epidural spinal cord neural circuits allows sensory inputs associated with standing and stepping. Susan Harkema (Kentucky Spinal Cord Research Centre/University of Louisville) and his team concluded that legs and spinal cord lead the movement and not the brain. Brain signals are only facilitators. What starts the process of walking is probably the sense of weight-bearing change on feet.


Summers conducted 170 sessions of locomotor training over 26 months in order to promote chronic stimulation in sessions that lasted 250 minutes. Epidural electrical stimulation had the purpose to put the patient stand up in an assisted manner for 4-25 min, while bilateral proprioceptive impulses are supplied. 7 months after implantation, Summers recovered supraspinal control of some single leg movements only during epidural stimulation, activating neural circuits previously silent, but properly preserved. Now Summers is able to remain stand up for a few minutes, being able also to bend his knees, feet and fingers.He feels partial sensitivity in his penis and partially regulates his temperature.



PARALITICOS SOBRE SUS PIES.

Bob Summers (28), jugador de baseball con subluxación completa vertebral : C7-T1 (perdida de función motora con preservación parcial de sensibilidad debajo del segmento T1), debido a un accidente automovilístico ocurrido el 2006, hace historia. Gracias a un dispositivo electrico de 16 electrodos implantado en la duramadre de su medula espinal lumbosacra (segmentos S1-L1), realiza movimientos que le permiten pararse y dar pasos en forma asistida al interior de una estructura circular rotatoria mientras se manipulan sus piernas estimulando circuitos neurales de su medula espinal). Los neurólogos hipótetizaron que la estimulación del area epidural espinal modula circuitos neurológicos medula-pies, permitiendo entradas sensoriales asociadas a pararse y dar pasos. Susan Harkema (Kentucky Spinal Cord Research Centre/University of Louisville) y su equipo concluyeron que las piernas y la medula espinal dirigen el movimiento y no el cerebro, cuyas señales solo son facilitadoras. Lo que inicia el proceso de caminar probablemente sea la sensación de cambio de peso en los pies.


Summers realizo 170 sesiones de entrenamiento locomotor a lo largo de 26 meses a fin de promover estimulacion crónica, en sesiones que duraban 250 minutos. La estimulación eléctrica epidural tenia como meta que el paciente permaneciera parado en forma asistida durante 4-25 min, mientras le suministraban impulsos propioceptivos bilaterales de portar peso, mientras el se mantenía parado. 7 meses despues del implante, Summers recupero el control supraspinal de algunos movimientos de las piernas solo durante la estimulacion epidural, reactivando circuitos neurales previamente silentes, adecuadamente preservados. Actualmente se mantiene parado por unos pocos minutos, es capaz de doblar sus rodillas, pies y dedos, percibe sensibilidad parcial en su pene y regula parcialmente su temperatura.

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